Koj puas paub cov ntawv thov thiab kev npaj ntawm fiberglass?

Nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis tas li, tib neeg muaj kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv.iav fiber ntau, raws li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, tau siv dav hauv high -kawg cov cuab yeej tsim khoom xws li aerospace, automotive, kev tsim kho, thiab hluav taws xob vim nws cov khoom zoo heev xws li siab modulus, hnav, thiab hluav taws xob tsis kam. Nkag siab txog kev npaj thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv cov iav fiber ntau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam muaj feem xyuam.

 

1. iav Fiber Raw Khoom

 

Cov iav fiber ntau yog qhov ua tau zoo -kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov khoom tsis yog- cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, thiab MgO, suav txog kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov fiber ntau. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim xws li pyrophyllite, kaolin, quartz xuab zeb, limestone, dolomite, borocalcite, thiab boromagnesite. Cov ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv no yog hauv av rau hauv ore hmoov raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb mis, tov nrog tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv xws li boric acid thiab soda tshauv, thiab ces tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li siab - kub melting nyob rau hauv lub tank rauv thiab fiber ntau daim duab.

 

Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm fiberglass cov nqi tsim khoom, pyrophyllite, quartz xuab zeb, limestone, thiab lwm yam ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv suav txog kwv yees li 21.7% ntawm tus nqi, nrog pyrophyllite suav txog ib qho - thib peb, thiab quartz xuab zeb thiab limestone ua ke kuj suav nrog qee qhov sib koom.

 

1.1 Pyrophyllite yog

Pyrophyllite yog txheej aluminosilicate av nplaum ntxhia nrog 2: 1 crystalline qauv thiab cov tshuaj formula Al2 [Si4O10] (OH) 2. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv pyrophyllite hauv fiberglass yog qhia Al2O3 los hloov cov hmoov txhuas, txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm fiberglass. Qhov nruab nrab -aluminium pyrophyllite nrog Al2O3 pawg feem ntawm 16%-22% yog nyiam; Al2O3 ntau dhau los yog tsawg heev feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.

 

1.2 Kev

Kaolin feem ntau muab SiO2 thiab Al2O3 hauv fiberglass ntau lawm. Fiberglass tuam txhab uas muag nyob teb chaws Europe thiab America feem ntau siv xaiv los yog siab -kaolin zoo es tsis txhob ntawm pyrophyllite li fiberglass raw cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv kuv lub tebchaws, kaolin feem ntau muab faib ua cov thee-series kaolin thiab tsis yog- thee-series kaolin. Hard kaolin, nrog nws cov SiO2 thiab Al2O3 cov ntsiab lus ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau iav fiber ntau raw cov ntaub ntawv, yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ruaj khov thiab siab - zoo raw khoom rau iav fiber ntau lawm los ntawm kev txo cov Fe2O3 thiab TiO2 cov ntsiab lus los ntawm beneficiation technologies xws li sib nqus sib cais thiab flotation, thiab txo tus nqi COD los ntawm calcination.

 

1.3 Quartz xuab zeb

Quartz xuab zeb, tseem hu ua silica xuab zeb, feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm silicon dioxide thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau ze li ntawm ib puas cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog iav, hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. kuv lub teb chaws muaj ntau cov khoom siv quartz, suav nrog ntuj siv lead ua, quartz sandstone, quartzite, hmoov quartz, leeg quartz, ntuj quartz xuab zeb, thiab granite pegmatite quartz.

 

Quartz xuab zeb tau muab faib rau hauv ntau lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam, tab sis nws cov peev txheej tau tawg thiab feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv me me thiab nruab nrab- thaj chaw loj. Cov khoom loj hauv tsev quartz xuab zeb tsim muaj xws li: Donghai thiab Xinyi hauv Jiangsu Xeev; Qichun hauv Hubei Xeev; Fengyang thiab Bengbu hauv Anhui xeev; Heyuan hauv xeev Guangdong; Zhundong hauv Xinjiang Xeev; Yinan hauv xeev Shandong; thiab Lingshou hauv Hebei Xeev.

 

1.4 Tshuaj Raw Khoom

Cov khoom siv tshuaj tseem ceeb siv hauv cov iav fiber ntau muaj xws li boric acid thiab soda tshauv, uas yog siv los npaj cov neeg sawv cev sizing. Hauv kev tsim cov iav fiber ntau, sizing cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo sib txuas cov fiber ntau monofilaments rau hauv filaments thiab tiv thaiv inter-filament adhesion thaum lub sij hawm unwinding. Lawv kuj tiv thaiv cov fibers los ntawm kev hnav thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntau yam. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tsim, sizing agents muab qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov fibers, xws li bundleability, choppability, thiab dispersibility, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib raug zoo thiab adhesion ntawm fibers thiab resin matrix.

 

2. Khob Fiber Npaj Technology

 

2.1 Tank Rauv Kos Duab Txoj Kev

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev yog tam sim no txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau iav fiber ntau lawm. Txoj kev no melts iav raw cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv molten iav nyob rau hauv ib tug siab -kub rauv, thiab ces rub lub molten iav rau nyias filaments los ntawm ib tug ntxeem tau perforated phaj. Lub tank rauv taws teeb duab txoj kev muaj qhov zoo xws li kev ua haujlwm siab, cov khoom ruaj khov, thiab tus nqi qis, thiab yog lub ntsiab iav fiber ntau npaj tshuab hauv kuv lub tebchaws.

2.1.1 Raw Material Preparation

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau iav fiber ntau suav nrog pyrophyllite, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, quartz xuab zeb, limestone, dolomite, borocalcite, thiab boromagnesia. Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas nruj thiab ua tiav kom ntseeg tau tias lawv purity thiab zoo.

2.1.2 Melting txheej txheem

Cov khoom siv raw yog sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau lub qhov cub rau melting. Lub qhov cub kub yog feem ntau ntawm 1500℃thiab 1600 degree. Nruam stirring yog yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm melting txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej lub uniformity ntawm lub molten iav.

2.1.3 Fiber Drawing txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem kev kos duab fiber ntau yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov iav fiber ntau, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub cev, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm fiber ntau kawg. Tom qab cov iav molten ntws tawm ntawm lub qhov cub, nws yog kos rau hauv cov filaments zoo los ntawm perforated stencil. Lub aperture thiab tus naj npawb ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv stencil raug xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau txoj kab uas hla thiab tso zis ntawm lub iav fiber. Kub, ceev, thiab lwm yam tsis zoo yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj thaum lub sij hawm siv fiber ntau txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm iav fiber. Kev sib hloov ceev thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm iav fiber ntau ntev, ua raws li cov slurry pawg thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog rau lawv cov kev cuam tshuam zoo sib xws.

2.1.4 Twisting txheej txheem

Cov txheej txheem twisting hauv cov iav fiber ntau ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau kawg. Cov ntaub qhwv nyoos, tom qab ua tiav los ntawm qhov pib twister, yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov qis -twist tus yam ntxwv hauv ib txoj hlua khi los pab txhawb cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm qhov pib twister tsis, suav nrog kev sib tw, nro, thiab winding ceev, yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias cov xov paj tiav lawm yuav tsum tau qis -twist yam ntxwv.

2.2 Crucible Drawing Method

Txoj kev kos duab crucible yog ib txoj hauv kev los npaj cov iav fibers. Txoj kev no suav nrog muab cov iav raw khoom rau hauv lub crucible, yaj nws mus rau hauv molten iav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd kos cov iav molten rau hauv zoo filaments manually los yog mechanically. Txoj kev kos duab crucible muaj qhov zoo xws li cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim thiab kev nqis peev tsawg, tab sis nws cov khoom siv qis qis thiab cov khoom tsis ruaj khov tau ua rau nws qhov cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm loj - nplai iav fiber ntau manufacturers.

2.2.1 Raw Material Preparation

Zoo ib yam li lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kos duab, cov ntaub ntawv raw rau txoj kev kos duab crucible kuj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nruj thiab ua tiav. Pyrophyllite, quartz xuab zeb, limestone, borosilicate, soda tshauv, thiab lwm yam ntxhia raw cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem los npaj ib pawg.

2.2.2 Melting txheej txheem

Cov ntaub ntawv raw saum toj no muab tso rau hauv lub crucible thiab melted nyob rau hauv ib tug siab - qhov cub kub. Nruam stirring yog yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm melting los tiv thaiv lub molten iav los ntawm kev sib cais.

2.2.3 Kev kos duab

Cov txheej txheem kos duab tuaj yeem ua manually lossis mechanically. Mechanically kos molten iav yog kos los ntawm qis perforator, tsim cov tee dej. Cov tee dej no tau coj los, tso cai rau kom khov, thiab tom qab ntawd muab khi ua ke thiab raug mob mus rau ib qho kev sib hloov winding nruas kom tau cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub nruas winding txiav txim siab txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov iav fiber ntau; yog siv ib qho - qhov perforator, monofilament fibers tuaj yeem tau. Kub, ceev, thiab lwm yam tsis yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj thaum lub sij hawm daim duab txheej txheem los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo ntawm cov iav fibers.

3. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm iav Fiber

3.1 Siab zog

Cov iav fiber ntau muaj lub zog ntau dua li cov iav zoo tib yam, nrog lub zog tensile ncav cuag tshaj 1000 MPa. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev, tshaj ntau cov hlau. Qhov no tso cai rau cov iav fiber ntau los tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntau dua hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke, txhim kho ob qho tib si lub zog thiab nruj. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim tsheb, iav fiber reinforced plastics tuaj yeem hloov qee qhov hlau, txo lub tsheb hnyav thaum tswj cov qauv tsim.

3.2 Corrosion Resistance

Cov iav fiber ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev, ua kom ntev - siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav xws li acids, alkalis, thiab ntsev. Qhov no tso cai rau nws tswj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, txuas ntxiv cov khoom lag luam. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab ib puag ncig, cov khoom siv iav fiber ntau, xws li cov kav dej thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau yam corrosive media, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.

3.3 Zoo rwb thaiv tsev

Cov iav fiber ntau yog ib qho zoo heev insulating cov ntaub ntawv nrog siab resistivity thiab dielectric zog. Qhov no ua rau nws siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, xws li hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xov hlau thiab cov cables, thiab cov ntaub ntawv encapsulation rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. 3.4 Thaum tshav kub kub Resistance: Cov iav fiber ntau muaj cov cua sov ua haujlwm siab, tswj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib qho kub thiab txias. Feem ntau, nws qhov ntev -lub sij hawm ua haujlwm kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 200-300℃, thiab nws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv tuaj yeem siab dua.

Nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, xws li aero- cav thiab cov cav tov, iav fiber reinforced composites tuaj yeem hloov qee cov ntaub ntawv hlau, ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm.

3.5 Lub teeb

Cov iav fiber ntau muaj qhov ntom ntom, kwv yees li 2.5-2.7 g / cm³, hnyav dua li cov hlau. Qhov no ua rau iav fiber ntau sib dua hauv qhov hnyav rau tib lub ntim, uas pab txo cov khoom hnyav thiab txhim kho kev txav mus los thiab kev thauj mus los.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv aerospace teb, kev siv cov iav fiber reinforced composites tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau, txhim kho roj efficiency, thiab txhim khu kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub davhlau.