Lub luag haujlwm ntawm SiO₂ hauv Fiberglass

Silica (SiO₂) plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb hauvE iav, ua hauj lwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho nws superior zog. Cias muab, silica yog "skeleton-forming element" ntawm E iav. Nws cov haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:

 

1. Tsim cov iav Network Structure (Core Role)

 

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm silica. Silica nws tus kheej yog iav - ua oxide; nws SiO₄ tetrahedra yog sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa oxygen atoms, tsim ib qho txuas ntxiv, ruaj khov, thiab tsis xwm yeem peb- qhov sib txawv network qauv.

 

· Ib qho piv txwv zoo: Qhov no zoo li lub thav duab hlau ntawm lub tsev. Silica muab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov iav qauv, thaum lwm yam khoom (xws li calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, boron oxide, thiab lwm yam) yog cov ntaub ntawv uas sau los yog hloov lub moj khaum no los kho cov khoom.

 

· Yog tsis muaj lub moj khaum silica, ib qho ruaj khov iav tsis tuaj yeem tsim.

 

2. Muab cov khoom hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev

 

· High resistivity: Silica nws tus kheej muaj tsawg heev ion zog, thiab nws cov tshuaj bonds (Si-O bonds) yog ruaj khov thiab muaj zog, ua rau nws nyuaj rau ionize. Nws txuas txuas txuas ntxiv txwv tsis pub them nqi zog, muab E- iav tsis tshua muaj siab ntim tiv taus thiab nto tiv taus.

 

* Tsis tshua muaj dielectric tsis tu ncua thiab tsis tshua muaj dielectric poob: E- iav nthuav tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov sib luag thiab ruaj khov ntawm SiO₂ network qauv, uas ua rau cov polarization tsawg thiab tsawg zog poob (hloov mus rau hauv tshav kub) nyob rau hauv siab - zaus hluav taws xob teb. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau siv los ua cov khoom siv txhawb zog hauv hluav taws xob Circuit Court boards (PCBs) thiab siab -voltage insulators.

 

3. Guaranteed zoo tshuaj stability

 

E- iav ua pov thawj zoo heev rau dej, kua qaub (tshwj tsis yog hydrofluoric acid thiab kub phosphoric acid), thiab tshuaj.

 

* Inert nto: Lub ntom Si-O-Si network muaj cov tshuaj tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej los yog H⁺ ions, yog li muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hydrolysis thiab acids. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv nrog E- iav fibers tswj lawv cov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv qhov chaw hnyav.

 

4. Kev siv zog ua haujlwm siab

 

Thaum lub zog kawg ntawm cov iav fibers tau cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm qhov chaw tsis xws luag thiab microcracks, nws lub zog theoretical feem ntau yog los ntawm Si-O covalent bonds thiab peb- qhov sib txawv network qauv.

 

• High Bond Zog: Lub zog siab ntawm Si-O daim ntawv cog lus ua rau cov pob txha iav nws tus kheej muaj zog heev, muab cov fibers nrog lub zog tensile siab thiab elastic modulus.

 

5. Zoo tagnrho Thermal Properties

 

• Tsawg Coefficient ntawm Thermal Expansion: Silica nws tus kheej muaj ib coefficient tsawg heev ntawm thermal expansion. E- iav, nrog silica raws li nws cov pob txha loj, yog li ntawd kuj muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm thermal expansion, uas txhais tau hais tias nws muaj qhov ruaj khov zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis tshua muaj kev ntxhov siab vim thermal expansion thiab contraction.

 

• High Softening Point: Silica muaj lub siab melting point (kwv yees li 1723 degree). Txawm hais tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lwm cov fluxing oxides txo qis qhov kawg melting kub ntawm E- iav, nws SiO₂ matrix tseem ua kom cov iav muaj qhov muag muag txaus thiab thermal stability kom tau raws li cov ntawv thov feem ntau.

 

Nyob rau hauv ib txwm E- iav compositions, silica (silicon dioxide) feem ntau muaj 52%-56% (los ntawm qhov hnyav), ua rau nws muaj ntau tshaj ib qho oxide. Nws txhais cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav.

 

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm ntau yam oxides hauv E- iav tuaj yeem nkag siab raws li hauv qab no:

 

· SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide): Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, muab cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg, hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, tshuaj muaj zog, thiab lub zog.

 

· Al₂O₃ (Alumina): Lub luag haujlwm pabcuam thiab stabilizer, txhim kho tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, txhua yam muaj zog, thiab txo qis crystallization nyiam.

 

· B₂O₃ (Boron Oxide): Lub flux thiab kev ua tau zoo hloov kho, txo qis melting kub (lub zog txuag) thaum txhim kho thermal thiab hluav taws xob zog.

 

· CaO/MgO (Calcium Oxide/Magnesium Oxide): Ib tug flux thiab stabilizer, pab nyob rau hauv melting thiab kho tshuaj durability thiab crystallization zog.