Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus qaum qaum ntawm cov ciav hlau: carbon fiber, fiberglass, aramid fiber ntau, uas yog tus khub zoo tshaj?

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev thauj tsheb thauj mus los, qhov chaw ceev, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev nplij siab yog qhov tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj tseeb los ua kom tiav cov hom phiaj no. Ntawm lub plawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw yog cov pob txha "uas muab rau lawv ua tau zoo {}}} kev txhawb nqa cov fibers. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav delve rau hauv peb ntawm feem ntau txhawb cov fibers: carbon fiber,iav yas, thiab aramid fiber ntau, tshawb txog lawv cov ciam chaw ntawm tsheb thauj mus los, lawv txoj kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Kev txhawb nqa cov nqi: Tus qauv txiav txim siab txiav txim siab ua tau zoo

Vim li cas peb cov lus no cov "ncej" ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw? Qhov no kav los ntawm lawv cov microstructure thiab tshuaj lom neeg txoj kev sib tham. Txhua lub fiber muaj cov qauv txawv uas txiav txim siab nws cov neeg kho tshuab, thermal, thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm macroscopic qib.

Carbon Fiber ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv xaj graphite microcrystalline. Xav txog cov roj ntsha atoms stacked zoo li cov ntawv tuam tsev, fawm kib nyob rau hauv ib daim phiaj hexagonal, txoj kev sib haum tsis muaj zog sib cav sib ceg. Thaum cov pob me me no tau sib khi ua ke los ntawm cov txheej txheem resin (feem ntau zoo li cov pob zeb txhawb nqa, thaum lub sij hawm Matrix yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov pauv kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv cov fibers. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no ua rau CFRP ob peb lub sijhawm muaj zog dua li cov hlau thiab ntau dua 30% sib dua dua li aluminium alloys rau tib lub cev hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv txheej txheem no tseem coj nws txoj hlab duaj '- brittleness thiab cov kev cuam tshuam zoo tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj kev tsim khoom nyuaj ua rau cov nqi siab, nws yuav tsum fim rau hauv cov ntawv thov transit.

Iav yas, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj amorphous silicate iav network. Tsis zoo li cov qauv crystalline ntawm carbon fiber,iav yasyog ntau zoo li ib tug "tsom iav" nrog cov qauv sib luag hauv sab hauv. Nws qhov zoo dag hauv nws tus nqi qis, yooj yim ntawm kev ua, thiab rwb thaiv hluav taws xob zoo. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog nws ua "kev lag luam steel bar" ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw; Txawm hais tias nws lub zog thiab modulus tsis zoo raws li carbon fiber, nws zoo li hauv tus nqi - ua tiav. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo txwv nyob rau hauv nws qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab tshwj xeeb cov modulus, thiab nws lub peev xwm rau kev qaug zog tsis txaus nyob hauv qab ntev. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm nws ib puag ncig ib puag ncig thiab lub neej thaum lub sijhawm tsim.

Aramid Fiber lub zog nyob hauv nws cov txheej txheem polyamide molecular molecular chains. Cov saw hlau no yog ncab heev thiab kho kom zoo nkauj thaum lub sij hawm kiv, tsim cov qauv ib txwm muaj. Aramid Fiber cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov nyuaj, cuam tshuam zoo heev, thiab kev tiv thaiv kom kub thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Nws ua zoo li tus neeg saib xyuas "hloov tau" nyob hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, adept ntawm nqus lub zog thiab tiv thaiv kev puas loj tuaj sab hauv qab. Piv txwv li, belleproof vests siv cov cuab yeej ntawm aramid fiber ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev ua tau zoo tsawg dua xws li muaj zog qis dua carbon freatorive, thiab nws txoj kev hygroscocopicity yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv cov chaw noo noo.

Daim Ntawv Thov thiab Kev Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Peb Qhov Loj "caj qaum" Cov Fibers Hauv Tsheb Transit

Kev hla kev nkag mus ntau - qhov chaw thiab cov hlua khi, tsis yog lawv yuav tsum muaj zog, tawv, nyab xeeb, thiab ruaj khov. Qhov no tso cai rau peb tus kheej kom tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev thov sib txawv, tab sis lawv kuj tseem ceeb rau lawv tus kheej cov khoom siv txuas ntxiv mus tshawb thiab ua kom zoo rau lawv.

1. Carbon Fiber: Lub Vanguard ntawm Kev Pom Kev Loj thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo

Nyob rau hauv kev tsheb tsheb thauj mus los sector, carbon fiber ntau ntxiv polymer (cFrp) composites yog qhov kev xaiv zoo kawg nkaus thiab kev ua tau zoo. High - Cov tsheb ciav hlau ceev thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau Maglev muaj qhov poob qis, raws li txhua phaus txo qis thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. CFRP lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab cov modulus tshwj xeeb muab nws tsis muaj qhov zoo nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem hnyav. Piv txwv li, lub cev lub cev ua los ntawm CFRP tuaj yeem yog 20% ​​{}}}}}} qhov cuab yeej siv hlau lub cev rau cov tsheb ciav hlau siab nrhiav cov hluav taws xob nrawm.

• Cov Ntawv Siv Raug Zoo: Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov roj carbon fiber hauv kev tsheb thauj mus los kub - system. Nyob rau hauv teb ntawm cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, carbon fiber profosts (CFRP), thiab cov khoom siv ceev), thiab cov lus qhia sab hauv) Kev nthuav dav lub teeb. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm siab - sov kev sib txhuam, xws li cov discon, carbon / carbon / carbon / carbon / c / c) composites yog siv; Hauv kev tshaj tawm thiab hnav - Cov ntaub ntawv resistant, xws li pantograph sib cuag daim hlau, carbon {6} Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau siv.

• Cov kev pab cuam ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua kom zoo: Cov brittleness: tus xeeb ceem muaj zog, ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis tawg thaum raug rau kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Yuav kom kov yeej txoj kev sib tw no, cov kws ua cov kev daws teeb meem, suav nrog: ua kom pom kev zoo los ntawm cov nanoparticles lossis elastomers rau cov resin los txhim kho nws txoj kev nruj; Fiber ntau ntxiv, xws li blending carbon fiber nrog cov fiber ntau lossis aramid fiber ntau lossis aramid fiber ntau, siv cov tawv nqaij kom them rau cov kev ua kom luv ntawm carbon fiber; Peb - didensional braided qauv thiab z {2} Kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev qhia cov lus los yog pins nyob rau hauv lub thickness. Nkag siab txog qhov sib npaug ntawm "Brittleness" thiab "nruj" yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov ntawm carbon fiber.

Tus nqi tswj: Tus nqi siab ntawm carbon fiber yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau nws loj- teev cov ntawv thov hauv kev tsheb thauj mus los. Kev ua kom zoo rau kev txo tus nqi yuav muaj xws li: tsim cov nqi tsawg {2} Siv cov nqi fiber ntau thiab cov txheej txheem roj carbonancation los txo cov nqi tsim khoom; Txhim kho cov txheej txheem ua kom zoo, xws li RTM (VARTM (lub tshuab nqus tsev (lub tshuab nqus tsev (nqus cov txheej txheem los txo cov nqi ua haujlwm thiab kev sib tw ntau lawm; Thiab txhawb cov thev naus laus zis kom haum thiab rov siv dua cov nqi khib nyiab carbon, uas tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.

1. Hluav Taws Retardant: Kev Thauj Mus Los Puas muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau hluav taws thiab cov pa luam yeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw kaw. Thaum carbon fiber nws tus kheej tsis yog-} commustible, nws resin matrix feem ntau yog cov nplaim taws. Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws tsom xam rau kev tsim kho siab-} Cov nplaim hluav taws kub tsawg} Cov pa roj luam yeeb tsawg dua thaum muaj pa taws; Lossis siv cov qauv xim av thiab cov qauv qhaub cij tsim los tsim cov hluav taws ntawm kev thaiv hluav taws ntawm cov chaw tivthaiv thaj chaw, txhim kho cov hluav taws tsis taus. Qhov no zoo li tso lub tsho "lub tsho tiv thaiv hluav taws xob" ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau.

2. Iav yas: Kev lag luam, kev coj ua tau zoo, thiab ntau yam

Iav yasKev siv zog polymer (GFRP) plays lub hauv paus lub luag haujlwm hauv kev hla kev deb ntawm nws tus nqi siab {{} Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog Irreplaceable nyob rau hauv ntau tus nqi -} rhiab cov khoom siv nrog cov kev yuav tsum tau muaj zog. GFRP tus nqi yog qis dua carbon fiber thiab nws yooj yim ntawm kev ua kom nws txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav kev ua kom pom kev thiab kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, Cheebtsam xws li kev qhia sab hauv vaj huam sib luag thiab cua yuav tsum tau lub teeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob thaum sib ntsib ua ke thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj; GFR li hauv cov chaw no. • Cov ntawv thov raug: Ciav hlau sab hauv Panels (phab ntsa sab hauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov roj teeb sib xyaw, moulding sib xyaw, moulding nyuaj, thiab hluav taws kub tsis kam.

• Ciaj ciam thiab kev ua kom zoo:

o Lub zog tshwj xeeb / cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb: piv rau cov pa roj carbon fiber, khob cov fiber ntau, uas txwv nws cov ntawv thov hauv cov qauv khoom loj} cov kabmob qauv. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho muaj xws li: Tsim High- Kev Ua Ntej iav Fiber, e {} iav fiber ntau), uas muaj lub zog siab dua thiab cov qauv hloov kho; Txhim kho cov qauv kev tsim muaj fiber ntau txheej, txhim kho cov khoom siv me me ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev kho cov kev qhia fiber ntau thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud; Thiab xyaw nrog carbon fiber, siv carbon fiber ntau hauv high hauv plawv- kev nyuaj siab thaj chaw thaum tswj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov no yog lub tswv yim ntawm "siv cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws uas xav tau feem ntau."

oo hluav taws thiab cov pa luam yeeb tiv thaiv: iav fiber nws tus kheej yog cov khoom siv inorganic thiab tsis hlawv, tsuas yog softening ntawm qhov kub heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov resin matrix yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li txoj hlua hluav taws thiab cov pa luam yeeb tiv thaiv kev hla kev. Kev ua kom zoo rau cov rooj cai suav nrog tshawb nrhiav halogen- Cov nplaim hluav taws dawb {}} retard lub tshuab kom tsis txhob muaj ntau tiam glimogen gases; Kev tsim kho thiab thov kom tsawg {{4 4}} pa pa hlav, qis} Kev haus luam yeeb tsawg dua los txo cov pa luam yeeb thaum lub sijhawm ua kom muaj kev khiav tawm; Thiab txiav txim siab ntxiv hluav taws - Resistant txheej lossis siv cov qauv qhaub cij hauv kev tsim qauv hluav taws xob ntxiv.

Qoob qaug zog: Nyob rau hauv ntev - Lub sij hawm hloov pauv, ua kev sib tw ua rau cov kev sib tw khiav nrawm rau kev sib tw ntev li no. Kev Ua Haujlwm Txhim Kho Muaj xws li: Txhim kho cov fiber ntau / Resin Interface Bonding, txhim kho cov nplaum ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev sib deev; Kev tsim qauv qauv tsim kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog los ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab lwm txoj kev; Qhia cov cuab yeej kev noj qab haus huv cov txheej txheem los saib xyuas kev ua kom qaug zog lub xeev hauv lub sijhawm, ua kom muaj teeb meem kev twv xyuas thiab tiv thaiv teeb meem ua ntej lawv tshwm sim.

3. Aramid Fiber: "Tus Saib Xyuas" ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis kam thiab nkees tsis kam

Aramid Fiber Composites (AGRP), nrog lawv cov kev xaiv zoo heev, tau dhau los ua kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws "kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb." Nws siv tau zoo sib tsoo lub zog, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj loj ua kev puas tsuaj hauv cov xwm txheej huab. Cov cuab yeej ntawm aramid fibers ua rau lawv tsis zoo haum rau cov ntawv thov kev nyab xeeb, xws li tawg thiab lub zog-}} nqus cov qauv. Nws cov kev ua tsis tiav zoo li "tsis zoo," Siv tau zoo rau lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv sab hauv thaum cuam tshuam.

• Typical Applications: Train bulletproof/explosion-proof structures, energy-absorbing components in the car body (such as collision buffer zones), high-toughness components in experimental projects (such as driver's cab partitions), and some components requiring wear resistance.

• Ciaj ciam thiab kev ua kom zoo:

Compressive lub zog: aramid fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog siab tensile lub zog thiab siab todness, tab sis lawv lub zog compressive yog qhov tsawg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam, lub hardness ntawm para- {{{{4 caug {6 zaug ntawm cov hlau zoo stainless hlau thiab 3 zaug uas ntawm cov iav fiber ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws transverse lub zog (shear lub zog) thiab compressive cov khoom yog qhov tseeb qis rau cov roj carbon fiber thiab iav, uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov qauv molecular. Qhov kev txwv no txwv nws daim ntawv thov ywj siab nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom. Kev ua kom zoo rau cov lus qhia muaj xws li: xyaw nrog carbon fiber los yog iav fiber kom them rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm aramid los ntawm kev siv zog compressive muaj zog ntawm carbon fiber; Txhim kho cov kev taw qhia Fiber ntau Qhov no zoo li nrhiav "nyuaj" kev txhawb nqa "softness."

Kev nqus dej noo thiab UV rhiab siab: Aramid fibers yog nquag mus rau txoj kev nqus dej noo nyob ntev li ultraviolet teeb meem, cuam tshuam rau lawv cov tshuab thiab cov tsos. Kev ua kom zoo rau cov rooj cai suav nrog kev txhim kho siab - Ua ua tiav cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm cov npoo hluav taws xob; Qhia txog UX - tsis kam ntxiv los nqus lossis muaj kev cuam tshuam ultraviolet rays; thiab txhim kho cov resin matrix los ntawm xaiv cov resins nrog huab cua zoo dua los txhim kho nws cov kev ruaj khov ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog zoo li tso "lub tsho tiv no tiv thaiv lub tsho tiv no" thiab "los ntawm kev hla ntawm cov aramid fiber ntau.

Kev ua nyuaj: Thaum muaj kev nyuaj ntawm aramid fibers nqa tau kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, nws kuj ua rau lawv "nyuaj" los ua. Txiav thiab drilling yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab burrs thiab delamination yog yooj yim tsim. Txoj kev coj ua kom zoo yog tsim cov cuab yeej ua tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem, xws li laser txiav, thiab ultrasonic drilling, txhawm rau txhim kho ntau lawm thiab ua kom zoo.

Iav yasThiab Basalt Fiber ntau sib xyaw: Kev lag luam thiab cov tswv yim "- rounders"

Nyob rau theem loj ntawm kev caij tsheb ciav hlau, carbon fiber, iav fiber ntau, thiab aramid fiber ntau {}}}}}}}} txhua yam muaj thiab txwv. Lawv tsis hloov rau ib leeg, tab sis ua kom sib zoo sib, sib koom tes thiab ua haujlwm ua ke. Ib qho kev txhawb nqa tsis tau txaus kom tau raws li cov kev yuav tsum tau ua kom tau yooj yim thiab txoj hlua khi. Multi -} Cov Khoom Siv Hybrid Piv txwv li, carbon fiber- Cov iav fiber ntau hybrid tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab tus nqi; Carbon fiber- arhamid fiber ntau dua tuaj yeem txhim kho kev cuam tshuam thaum tswj lub zog.

Lub caij no, kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntsuab kuj tseem muaj ob cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv fiber ntau. Embedded sensors yuav pab cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau rau "kev txiav txim siab," kev soj ntsuam kev noj qab haus huv zoo thiab cia tus kheej {1} {}} Thaum rov siv dua thiab biodegradable fibers thiab resins yuav tsim kom muaj kev hloov tsheb ciav hlau ntau dua, ua cov tsheb nqaj hlau ntau dua "ib puag ncig ib puag ncig."