Koj puas paub lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm fiberglass hauv chemical stability thiab dej tsis kam rau kev siv nkoj nuv ntses?

Hauv daim ntawv thov ntawmfiberglassCov khoom siv txhawb zog (GFRP), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav marine ib puag ncig xws li kev tsim khoom ntawm GFRP nuv ntses nkoj, tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawmfiberglassyog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab lub sij hawm ntev - durability thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Tshuaj stability hais txog lub peev xwm ntawmfiberglasstiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm cov xov xwm xws li dej, acids, thiab alkalis. Rau cov nkoj nuv ntses uas nquag tso rau hauv lossis hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov pas dej, dej ntws, lossis dej hiav txwv (txhua qhov nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj zog alkaline xov xwm), kev tiv thaiv dej corrosion yog qhov tseem ceeb, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm lub nkoj.

Kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tshuaj: Qhov℃ntawm corrosion ntawm iav fibers los ntawm xov xwm feem ntau yog ntsuas los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:

1. Qhov hnyav poob: Qhov kev hloov ntawm fiber ntau ua ntej thiab tom qab corrosion.

2. Exudate tsom xam: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm alkali hlau ions (xws li Na⁺, K⁺) los yog lwm yam iav Cheebtsam hauv cov tshuaj corrosive.

3. Lub zog poob tus nqi: Cov qib qis ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau (xws li lub zog tensile) tom qab corrosion.

4. Fiber txoj kab uas hla hloov: Tus nqi txo ntawm fiber ntau txoj kab uas hla tom qab corrosion.

Mechanism ntawm dej yaig ntawmfiberglass: Dej yaig ntawm iav (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv rhuab tej yam kev mob) yog ib tug complex physicochemical txheej txheem, nrog ion pauv thiab network dissolution ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais:

1. Ion pauv (de-alkali):

Alkali hlau ions (xws li Na⁺) nyob rau hauv lub iav network pauv nrog H⁺ hauv dej:

`≡Si-O-Na + H₂O → ≡Si-OH + Na⁺ + OH⁻`

Qhov tshwm sim: H⁺ hauv dej txo, OH⁻ nce, thiab cov tshuaj maj mam ua alkaline.

2. Network Disintegration (Hydrolysis):

Cov tsim OH⁻ yog nruj heev, rhuav tshem cov silicon-oxygen moj khaum (≡Si-O-Si≡):

`≡Si-O-Si≡ + OH⁻ → ≡Si-OH + ≡Si-O⁻`

Cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab ≡Si-O⁻ ntxiv rau cov dej kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug:

`≡Si-O⁻ + H₂O → ≡Si-OH + OH⁻`

Cov txheej txheem no rov ua tsis tu ncua, ua rau kev puas tsuaj tas mus li thiab tawg ntawm iav network (silicate hydrolysis).

3. Tsim kom muaj siab -Silica Film:

Nrog rau kev sib cais tas mus li ntawm cov ions yooj yim soluble (Na⁺, thiab lwm yam), cov ntxeem tau, silicon- nplua nuj (SiO₂) "leaching txheej" maj mam ua rau ntawm iav nto.

Lub dissolution tus nqi ntawm no zaj duab xis, nrog rau tus nqi ntawm nkag mus rau lub corrosive nruab nrab mus rau hauv lub sab hauv thiab tus nqi ntawm diffusion ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom tawm sab nraud, sib koom txiav txim siab tag nrho cov dej tsis kam ntawm lub khob.

Cov dej zoo tshaj ntawm alkali-dawb iav fiber ntau (E iav):

1. Kev ntsuas dej tsis kam: Alkali-dawb iav fiber ntau (E iav) > Nruab nrab-alkali iav fiber (C iav) > High-alkali iav fiber (Ib khob).

2. Hydrolysis qib kev faib tawm:

E iav: Qib I hydrolysis qib (zoo tshaj dej tsis kam). Tsis tshua muaj yuag poob thiab siab zog tuav.

C iav: Qib II hydrolysis qib (mob dej tsis kam).

Ib khob: Qib III hydrolysis qib (tsis zoo dej tsis kam).

3. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb: E iav muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj alkali hlau oxide (feem ntau<0.8%), greatly reducing the ion sources that can be dissolved by water, effectively inhibiting ion exchange and subsequent network hydrolysis processes, and significantly improving its long-term stability in water. Core requirements for fiberglass fishing boat material selection: Based on stringent requirements for service life and safety: Alkali-free glass fiber (E-glass) must be used as the reinforcing material. E-glass's excellent water resistance effectively resists the erosion from long-term immersion in lakes, rivers, and seawater, ensuring the mechanical properties of the fiberglass hull substrate (fiber) remain stable for decades, preventing problems such as hull strength reduction, delamination, and water seepage caused by fiber deterioration.

Dhau li ntawm E- iav fiber ntau, siab- kev ua tau zoo fibers xws li carbon fiber thiab aramid kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv siab - kawg shipbuilding:

1. Aramid fiber ntau (xws li Kevlar):

Qhov zoo: Muaj zog tshwj xeeb, zoo heev toughness, thiab superior cuam tshuam tsis kam thiab ballistic kev ua tau zoo. Haum rau cov khoom siv hauv nkoj nrog cov kev xav tau siab heev rau lub zog tensile, kev cuam tshuam tsis kam, thiab lub teeb yuag (xws li cov mos txwv tsis pom kev hauv qee lub nkoj sib tw thiab cov nkoj taug kev).

Disadvantages: Tsawg compressive thiab flexural zog, nquag mus rau micro-buckling; tus nqi siab dua. Tsis haum rau lub hauv paus hull qauv raug rau siab compressive / flexural loads, txwv nws daim ntawv thov ntau yam (siab-kev ua tau zoo tej nkoj nquam me me nrog nruj hnyav txwv). 2. Carbon Fiber:

Qhov zoo: Nws boasts lub siab tshaj plaws tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab tshwj xeeb modulus (stiffness) ntawm feem ntau siv reinforcing fibers, nrog rau zoo heev qaug zog tsis kam thiab siab -kub kev ua tau zoo. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav qhov hnyav hnyav thiab ultra-siab nruj.

Disadvantages: Tus nqi siab heev.

Daim ntawv thov: Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv ib feem lossis ua tiav cov qauv ntawm siab - cov nkoj ua tau zoo xws li sab saum toj - cov nkoj caij nkoj, yachts, thiab tub rog siab - nkoj ceev, qhov uas yuav tsum muaj nruj heev rau kev sib tw thiab kev nruj. Nws tus nqi siab txwv nws qhov loj - daim ntawv teev npe ntawm cov nkoj nuv ntses zoo tib yam.

Rau cov nkoj nuv ntses fiberglass, qhov loj - nplai daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam rhiab rau ntev - lub sij hawm cia siab rau thiab tus nqi, alkali-dawb iav fiber (E- iav) yog ib tug irreplaceable core reinforcing cov ntaub ntawv vim nws superior dej tsis kam (Class I hydrolysis qib), zoo tag nrho cov khoom siv, thiab tus nqi tsim nyog. Kev nkag siab tob txog cov txheej txheem ntawm dej yaig thiab qhov zoo ntawm corrosion kuj zoo ntawm E- iav yog lub hauv paus kev tshawb fawb los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov nkoj nuv ntses fiberglass tau ntau xyoo thiab tiv thaiv kev yaig ib puag ncig marine. High-kev ua tau zoo fibers xws li carbon fiber thiab aramid ua lub luag haujlwm ntxiv hauv kev siv nkoj tshwj xeeb uas nrhiav kev ua tau zoo kawg.